Cross site scripting (also known as XSS) occurs when a web application gathers malicious data from a user. The data is usually gathered in the form of a hyperlink which contains malicious content within it. The user will most likely click on this link from another website, instant message, or simply just reading a web board or email message.
Usually the attacker will encode the malicious portion of the link to the site in HEX (or other encoding methods) so the request is less suspicious looking to the user when clicked on.
For example the code below is written in hex: <a
href=javascript:alert&#
x28’XSS’)>Click Here</a>
is equivalent to:
<a href=javascript:alert(‘XSS’)>Click Here</a>
Note: In the format “&#xhhhh”, hhhh is the code point in hexadecimal form.

You specify primary and secondary actions that the appliance will take when it detects a possible DLP violation in an outgoing message. Different actions can be assigned for different violation types and severities. Primary actions include: – Deliver – Drop – Quarantine Secondary actions include: – Sending a copy to a policy quarantine if you choose to deliver the message. The copy is a perfect clone of the original, including the Message ID. Quarantining a copy allows you to test the DLP system before deployment in addition to providing another way to monitor DLP violations. When you release the copy from the quarantine, the appliance delivers the copy to the recipient, who will have already received the original message. – Encrypting messages. The appliance only encrypts the message body. It does not encrypt the message headers. – Altering the subject header of messages containing a DLP violation. – Adding disclaimer text to messages. – Sending messages to an alternate destination mailhost. – Sending copies (bcc) of messages to other recipients. (For example, you could copy messages with critical DLP violations to a compliance officer’s mailbox for examination.) – Sending a DLP violation notification message to the sender or other contacts, such as a manager or DLP compliance officer. Reference: https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/security/esa/esa12-0/user_guide/ b_ESA_Admin_Guide_12_0/b_ESA_Admin_Guide_chapter_010001.html in an outgoing message. Different actions can be assigned for different violation types and severities.
Primary actions include:
– Deliver
– Drop
– Quarantine
Secondary actions include:
– Sending a copy to a policy quarantine if you choose to deliver the message. The copy is a perfect clone of the original, including the Message ID. Quarantining a copy allows you to test the DLP system before deployment in addition to providing another way to monitor DLP violations. When you release the copy from the quarantine, the appliance delivers the copy to the recipient, who will have already received the original message.
– Encrypting messages. The appliance only encrypts the message body. It does not encrypt the message headers.
– Altering the subject header of messages containing a DLP violation.
– Adding disclaimer text to messages.
– Sending messages to an alternate destination mailhost.
– Sending copies (bcc) of messages to other recipients. (For example, you could copy messages with critical DLP violations to a compliance officer’s mailbox for examination.)
– Sending a DLP violation notification message to the sender or other contacts, such as a manager or DLP compliance officer.
Reference:
You specify primary and secondary actions that the appliance will take when it detects a possible DLP violation in an outgoing message. Different actions can be assigned for different violation types and severities. Primary actions include: – Deliver – Drop – Quarantine Secondary actions include: – Sending a copy to a policy quarantine if you choose to deliver the message. The copy is a perfect clone of the original, including the Message ID. Quarantining a copy allows you to test the DLP system before deployment in addition to providing another way to monitor DLP violations. When you release the copy from the quarantine, the appliance delivers the copy to the recipient, who will have already received the original message. – Encrypting messages. The appliance only encrypts the message body. It does not encrypt the message headers. – Altering the subject header of messages containing a DLP violation. – Adding disclaimer text to messages. – Sending messages to an alternate destination mailhost. – Sending copies (bcc) of messages to other recipients. (For example, you could copy messages with critical DLP violations to a compliance officer’s mailbox for examination.) – Sending a DLP violation notification message to the sender or other contacts, such as a manager or DLP compliance officer. Reference: https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/security/esa/esa12-0/user_guide/ b_ESA_Admin_Guide_12_0/b_ESA_Admin_Guide_chapter_010001.html

Reference:
https://securityboulevard.com/2020/05/types-of-encryption-5-encryption-algorithms-how-to-choose-the-right-one/#:~:text=Standard%20asymmetric%20encryption%20algorithms%20include,%2C%20El%20Gamal%2C%20and%20DSA.

The Firepower System uses network discovery and identity policies to collect host, application, and user data for traffic on your network. You can use certain types of discovery and identity data to build a comprehensive map of your network assets, perform forensic analysis, behavioral profiling, access control, and mitigate and respond to the vulnerabilities and exploits to which your organization is susceptible. You can configure your network discovery policy to perform host and application detection. Reference: https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/security/firepower/640/configuration/guide/fpmc-configguide-v64/introduction_to_network_discovery_and_identity.html for traffic on your network. You can use certain types of discovery and identity data to build a comprehensive map of your network assets, perform forensic analysis, behavioral profiling, access control, and mitigate and respond to the vulnerabilities and exploits to which your organization is susceptible.
You can configure your network discovery policy to perform host and application detection.
The Firepower System uses network discovery and identity policies to collect host, application, and user data for traffic on your network. You can use certain types of discovery and identity data to build a comprehensive map of your network assets, perform forensic analysis, behavioral profiling, access control, and mitigate and respond to the vulnerabilities and exploits to which your organization is susceptible. You can configure your network discovery policy to perform host and application detection. Reference: https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/security/firepower/640/configuration/guide/fpmc-configguide-v64/introduction_to_network_discovery_and_identity.html

Explanation
https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/security/what-is-a-ddos-attack.html

Explanation Explanation Cisco Firepower NGFW Virtual (NGFWv) is the virtualized version of Cisco’s Firepower next generation firewall. The Cisco NGFW virtual appliance is available in the AWS and Azure marketplaces. In AWS, it can be deployed in routed and passive modes. Passive mode design requires ERSPAN, the Encapsulated Remote Switched Port Analyzer, which is currently not available in Azure. In passive mode, NGFWv inspects packets like an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) appliance, but no action can be taken on the packet. In routed mode NGFWv acts as a next hop for workloads. It can inspect packets and also take action on the packet based on rule and policy definitions. Reference: https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/collateral/security/adaptive-security-virtual-appliance-asav/ white-paper-c11-740505.html Explanation Cisco Firepower NGFW Virtual (NGFWv) is the virtualized version of Cisco’s Firepower next generation firewall.
The Cisco NGFW virtual appliance is available in the AWS and Azure marketplaces. In AWS, it can be deployed in routed and passive modes. Passive mode design requires ERSPAN, the Encapsulated Remote Switched Port Analyzer, which is currently not available in Azure.
In passive mode, NGFWv inspects packets like an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) appliance, but no action can be taken on the packet.
In routed mode NGFWv acts as a next hop for workloads. It can inspect packets and also take action on the packet based on rule and policy definitions.
Explanation Explanation Cisco Firepower NGFW Virtual (NGFWv) is the virtualized version of Cisco’s Firepower next generation firewall. The Cisco NGFW virtual appliance is available in the AWS and Azure marketplaces. In AWS, it can be deployed in routed and passive modes. Passive mode design requires ERSPAN, the Encapsulated Remote Switched Port Analyzer, which is currently not available in Azure. In passive mode, NGFWv inspects packets like an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) appliance, but no action can be taken on the packet. In routed mode NGFWv acts as a next hop for workloads. It can inspect packets and also take action on the packet based on rule and policy definitions. Reference: https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/collateral/security/adaptive-security-virtual-appliance-asav/ white-paper-c11-740505.html

Explanation
https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios-xml/ios/cve/174/cve-addressed-1741.html

Application layer protocols can represent the same data in a variety of ways. The Firepower System provides application layer protocol decoders that normalize specific types of packet data into formats that the intrusion rules engine can analyze. Normalizing application-layer protocol encodings allows the rules engine to effectively apply the same content-related rules to packets whose data is represented differently and obtain meaningful results. Reference: https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/security/firepower/60/configuration/guide/fpmc-config-guidev60/Application_Layer_Preprocessors.html#ID-2244-0000080c FirePower uses many preprocessors, including DNS, FTP/Telnet, SIP, SSL, SMTP, SSH preprocessors.
application layer protocol decoders that normalize specific types of packet data into formats that the intrusion rules engine can analyze. Normalizing application-layer protocol encodings allows the rules engine to effectively apply the same content-related rules to packets whose data is represented differently and obtain meaningful results.
Reference:
Application layer protocols can represent the same data in a variety of ways. The Firepower System provides application layer protocol decoders that normalize specific types of packet data into formats that the intrusion rules engine can analyze. Normalizing application-layer protocol encodings allows the rules engine to effectively apply the same content-related rules to packets whose data is represented differently and obtain meaningful results. Reference: https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/security/firepower/60/configuration/guide/fpmc-config-guidev60/Application_Layer_Preprocessors.html#ID-2244-0000080c FirePower uses many preprocessors, including DNS, FTP/Telnet, SIP, SSL, SMTP, SSH preprocessors.

Explanation
Explanation
Cisco standard NetFlow version 5 defines a flow as a unidirectional sequence of packets that all share seven values which define a unique key for the flow:
+ Ingress interface (SNMP ifIndex)
+ Source IP address
+ Destination IP address
+ IP protocol
+ Source port for UDP or TCP, 0 for other protocols
+ Destination port for UDP or TCP, type and code for ICMP, or 0 for other protocols
+ IP Type of Service
Note: A flow is a unidirectional series of packets between a given source and destination.

Explanation The data plane of any network is responsible for handling data packets that are transported across the network. (The data plane is also sometimes called the forwarding plane.) Maybe this Qwants to ask about the encryption and authentication in the data plane of a SD-WAN network (but SD-WAN is not a topic of the SCOR 350-701 exam?). In the Cisco SD-WAN network for unicast traffic, data plane encryption is done by AES-256-GCM, a symmetrickey algorithm that uses the same key to encrypt outgoing packets and to decrypt incoming packets. Each router periodically generates an AES key for its data path (specifically, one key per TLOC) and transmits this key to the vSmart controller in OMP route packets, which are similar to IP route updates. Reference: https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/routers/sdwan/configuration/security/vedge/security-book/ security-overview.html The data plane of any network is responsible for handling data packets that are transported across the network.
(The data plane is also sometimes called the forwarding plane.)
Maybe this Qwants to ask about the encryption and authentication in the data plane of a SD-WAN network (but SD-WAN is not a topic of the SCOR 350-701 exam?).
In the Cisco SD-WAN network for unicast traffic, data plane encryption is done by AES-256-GCM, a symmetrickey algorithm that uses the same key to encrypt outgoing packets and to decrypt incoming packets. Each router periodically generates an AES key for its data path (specifically, one key per TLOC) and transmits this key to the vSmart controller in OMP route packets, which are similar to IP route updates.
Explanation The data plane of any network is responsible for handling data packets that are transported across the network. (The data plane is also sometimes called the forwarding plane.) Maybe this Qwants to ask about the encryption and authentication in the data plane of a SD-WAN network (but SD-WAN is not a topic of the SCOR 350-701 exam?). In the Cisco SD-WAN network for unicast traffic, data plane encryption is done by AES-256-GCM, a symmetrickey algorithm that uses the same key to encrypt outgoing packets and to decrypt incoming packets. Each router periodically generates an AES key for its data path (specifically, one key per TLOC) and transmits this key to the vSmart controller in OMP route packets, which are similar to IP route updates. Reference: https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/routers/sdwan/configuration/security/vedge/security-book/ security-overview.html

Explanation
Domain name system (DNS) is the protocol that translates human-friendly URLs, such as securitytut.com, into IP addresses, such as 183.33.24.13. Because DNS messages are only used as the beginning of each communication and they are not intended for data transfer, many organizations do not monitor their DNS traffic for malicious activity. As a result, DNS-based attacks can be effective if launched against their networks. DNS tunneling is one such attack.
An example of DNS Tunneling is shown below:

The attacker incorporates one of many open-source DNS tunneling kits into an authoritative DNS nameserver (NS) and malicious payload.
2. An IP address (e.g. 1.2.3.4) is allocated from the attacker’s infrastructure and a domain name (e.g. attackerdomain.com) is registered or reused. The registrar informs the top-level domain (.com) nameservers to refer requests for attackerdomain.com to ns.attackerdomain.com, which has a DNS record mapped to 1.2.3.4
3. The attacker compromises a system with the malicious payload. Once the desired data is obtained, the payload encodes the data as a series of 32 characters (0-9, A-Z) broken into short strings (3KJ242AIE9, P028X977W,…).
4. The payload initiates thousands of unique DNS record requests to the attacker’s domain with each string as a part of the domain name (e.g. 3KJ242AIE9.attackerdomain.com). Depending on the attacker’s patience and stealth, requests can be spaced out over days or months to avoid suspicious network activity. 5. The requests are forwarded to a recursive DNS resolver. During resolution, the requests are sent to the attacker’s authoritative DNS nameserver, 6. The tunneling kit parses the encoded strings and rebuilds the exfiltrated data. Reference: https://learn-umbrella.cisco.com/i/775902-dns-tunneling/0
5. The requests are forwarded to a recursive DNS resolver. During resolution, the requests are sent to the attacker’s authoritative DNS nameserver,
6. The tunneling kit parses the encoded strings and rebuilds the exfiltrated data.
a part of the domain name (e.g. 3KJ242AIE9.attackerdomain.com). Depending on the attacker’s patience and stealth, requests can be spaced out over days or months to avoid suspicious network activity. 5. The requests are forwarded to a recursive DNS resolver. During resolution, the requests are sent to the attacker’s authoritative DNS nameserver, 6. The tunneling kit parses the encoded strings and rebuilds the exfiltrated data. Reference: https://learn-umbrella.cisco.com/i/775902-dns-tunneling/0

Explanation/Reference: https://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/security/ise/1.0/user_guide/ise10_prof_pol.html

Cisco Cloudlock: Secure your cloud users, data, and applications with the cloud-native Cloud Access Security Broker (CASB) and cloud cybersecurity platform.
Cisco Cloudlock: Secure your cloud users, data, and applications with the cloud-native Cloud Access Security Broker (CASB) and cloud cybersecurity platform.
Reference:
738565.pdf
Cisco Cloudlock: Secure your cloud users, data, and applications with the cloud-native Cloud Access Security Broker (CASB) and cloud cybersecurity platform.
738565.pdf