[Feb 11, 2024] CTFL_Syll2018 Exam Brain Dumps - Study Notes and Theory [Q190-Q206]

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[Feb 11, 2024] CTFL_Syll2018 Exam Brain Dumps – Study Notes and Theory

Pass ISQI CTFL_Syll2018 Test Practice Test Questions Exam Dumps

Q190. The flow graph below shows the logic of a program for which 100% statement coverage and 100% decision coverage is required on exit from component testing. [K4] The following test cases have been run:
Test Case 1 covering path P,Q,R,U
Test Case 2 covering path P,Q,S,V
Test Case 3 covering path P,Q,S,W,X
Test case 4 covering path P,Q,S,W,Y
Refer to the exhibit

Statement coverage is 100%; decision coverage is 100%

Statement coverage is less than 100%; decision coverage is 100%.

Statement coverage is 100%; decision coverage is less than 100%

Statement coverage and decision coverage are both less than 100%

Statement coverage and decision coverage are both less than 100%. Statement coverage is a criterion that requires every executable statement in the source code to be executed at least once by a test suite1. Decision coverage is a criterion that requires every decision (or branch) in the source code to take both true and false outcomes at least once by a test suite1. The flow graph below shows the logic of a program for which 100% statement coverage and 100% decision coverage is required on exit from component testing. The flow graph has 9 nodes (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I) and 10 edges (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10). The edges represent executable statements and the nodes represent decisions or branches.
!flow graph
The following test cases have been run:
* Test Case 1 covering path A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-I
* Test Case 2 covering path A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H
* Test Case 3 covering path A-B-C-D-E-F
* Test case 4 covering path A-B-C-D-E
To calculate the statement coverage and decision coverage achieved by these test cases, we can use the following formulas:
* Statement coverage = (Number of statements executed / Total number of statements) x 100%
* Decision coverage = (Number of decisions exercised / Total number of decisions) x 100% In this case, the number of statements executed by the test cases is 8 (edges 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 9). The total number of statements in the flow graph is 10 (edges 1 to 10). Therefore, the statement coverage achieved by the test cases is:
* Statement coverage = (8 / 10) x 100% = 80%
The number of decisions exercised by the test cases is also 8 (nodes A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and H). The total number of decisions in the flow graph is also 10 (nodes A to J). Therefore, the decision coverage achieved by the test cases is:
* Decision coverage = (8 / 10) x 100% = 80%
Therefore, statement coverage and decision coverage are both less than 100%. To achieve 100% statement coverage and decision coverage, two more test cases are needed to cover edges 8 and 10 and nodes I and J.

Q191. What factors should be considered to determine whether enough testing has been performed?
(i)The exit criteria.
(ii)The budget.
(iii)How big the test team is.
(iv)The product’s risk profile.
(v)How good the testing tools are.
(vi)Sufficient details of the system status to allow decisions

i and ii and iv and vi

i and ii and iii and vi

ii and iii and iv and v

i and ii and v and vi

Q192. Load testing tool checks for:

presence of bugs in user interface

the number of testers needed in order to achieve “dead line”

correct functional behavior of the system under test

time response and resource utilization

Q193. Which of the following characteristics is most likely to promote effective software testing? [K1]

Independence from the production process

A belief that programmers always make mistakes

Knowledge of the number of defects typically found in a program

Confidence that the next stage will find defects missed at this stage

Q194. Which of the following BEST defines static techniques? [K1]

Executing the software work product

Manually examining the code or project documentation

Automated analysis of the code or project documentation

Manual examination and automated analysis of code or project documentation

Q195. Which of the following are part of ISTQB code of ethics?
I. Certified software testers shall advance the integrity and reputation of the profession consistent with the public interest II. Certified software tester shall always sign a NDA (Non Disclosure Agreement) in presence of customer data III. Certified software testers shall maintain integrity and independence in their professional judgment IV Certified software testers shall act in a manner that is in the best interests of their client and employer, consistent with the public interest

I, II, III

II, III, IV

I, II, V

I, III, IV

Q196. Decision table testing is being performed on transactions in a bank’s ATM (Automated teller Machine) system. Two test cases have already been generated for rules 1 and 4, which are shown below:

Given the following additional test cases:

Which two of the additional test cases would achieve fill coverage of the full decision table (when combined with the test cases that have already been generated for rules a and 4?

DT1, DT2

DT2, DT3

DT3, DT4

DT1, DT4

Q197. Which of the following correctly states a limitation in the use of static analysis tools? [K1]

Static analysis tools can be applied to new code but cannot be applied to existing code

Static analysis tools can be used to enforce coding standards

Static analysis tools always generate large numbers of warning messages when applied to new code, even if the code meets coding standards

Static analysis tools do not generate warning messages when applied to existing code

Q198. Which of the following software development models BEST exemplifies a model that does NOT support the principle of early testing?

The Waterfall model

The V-model

The Incremental development model

The Iterative development model

Explanation
According to the syllabus, a software development life cycle (SDLC) model is a conceptual framework that describes the phases and activities involved in developing a software product. Different SDLC models have different advantages and disadvantages depending on the project context and objectives. The principle of early testing states that testing activities should start as early as possible in the software development life cycle and be focused on defined objectives. Early testing helps to prevent defects, reduce rework, lower costs, and improve quality. The answer A is correct because it best exemplifies a model that does not support the principle of early testing. The waterfall model is a sequential SDLC model that divides the development process into distinct phases, such as requirements analysis, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance.
Each phase must be completed before the next phase can begin, and there is no overlap or iteration between phases. Testing is done only after the implementation phase, which means that defects are detected late in the development cycle and are more expensive and difficult to fix. The other answers are incorrect because they exemplify models that support the principle of early testing. The V-model is an extension of the waterfall model that emphasizes verification and validation activities at each phase of development. Testing is done in parallel with each corresponding development phase, which means that defects are detected early and feedback is provided to the developers. The incremental development model is an iterative SDLC model that divides the development process into smaller increments or iterations, each delivering a working software product or a subset of features. Testing is done at the end of each iteration, which means that defects are detected early and feedback is provided to the developers. The iterative development model is another iterative SDLC model that repeats the development process for each iteration, with each iteration producing an improved version of the software product or a subset of features. Testing is done throughout each iteration, which means that defects are detected early and feedback is provided to the developers.
References: Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus, Section 1.1.1, page 9-10.

Q199. Which of the following lists represents the correct sequence of the main activities of the fundamental test
process (leaving out the activity of control which should take place in parallel to all the other activities)?

Planning, analysis and reporting, design and implementation, execution, test closure activities,
evaluating exit criteria.

Planning, analysis, design and implementation, execution, logging, test closure activities, evaluating exit
criteria.

Planning, analysis and design, execution, logging and reporting, regression testing

Planning, analysis and design, implementation and execution, evaluation exit criteria and reporting, test
closure activities

Q200. Which of the following statements is the best explanation why software failures can be caused by environmental conditions?

Factors like magnetism, radiation and even pollution can affect electronic devices and the performance of their embedded real time software

Environmental conditions only affect the hardware – not the software

If the hardware on which the software application is running under ambient temperature and humidity, no failures can be linked to environmental conditions

Extreme heat and vibrations exerted on storage media can cause errors in algorithms and program flows

Q201. Which of the following BEST describes a test summary report for executive-level employees?

The report Is detailed and Includes specific information on defects and trends

The report is detailed and includes a status summary of defects by priority or budget

The report is high-level and includes specific information on defects and trends

The report is high-level and includes a status summary of detects by priority or budget

Q202. What other details should be included in the following incident report when it is first submitted?
Date of Issue: 23/11/05
Severity: P1
Build: Version15.6
Details: Expected field to be limited to 15 chars, able to enter 27

Suggested solution, priority and number of defects assigned to this developer.

Status of the incident, degree of impact, Test Case Number.

History, related defects and expected fix time.

Line of code, number of defects found, time of day.

Q203. Which of the following would NOT be a typical target of testing support tools?

Automate activities that require significant resources when done manually

Automate activities that cannot be executed manually

Automate repetitive tasks

Automating repetitive inspections

Q204. Which of the following defects-can

Infinite loops

Wrong business rules

Syntax errors of the code

Undefined variables

Q205. Which of the following statements about use-case testing are most accurate?
(i)In a use-case diagram an actor represents a type of user.
(ii)Use-cases are the most common test basis for unit testing.
(iii)A use-case describes interactions between actors.
(iv)An actor is always a human user that interacts with the system.
(v)Test cases can be based on use-case scenarios.
(vi)Use-case testing will often identify gaps not found by testing individual components.

ii, iii, iv, v

i, iii, v, vi

i, ii, iv, v

iii, iv, v, vi

Q206. Which of the following options BEST explain the pesticide paradox principle of testing?

If we do not regularly review and revise our tests, we’ll stop finding defects

Repeatedly running a set of tests will ensure that a system is defect free

Defects are, paradoxically, often contained in a small number of modules

Testing, like spraying pesticide, is an effective bug / defect removal activity