Q22. A CI/CD pipeline consists of two phases: build and deployment. The build phase, among other activities, runs automated test cases at the following test levels: Component Testing (CT) and Component Integration Testing (CIT). If the build phase is successful, the deployment phase is started. The deployment phase first provisions the test environment infrastructure needed to deploy the SUT, then deploys the SUT to this environment, and finally triggers another separate pipeline that runs automated test cases at the following test levels: System Testing (ST) and Acceptance Testing (AT). Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Q23. Which of the following statements about contract testing is TRUE?

Q24. Which of the following descriptions of what some test automation tools can be used to do is TRUE?

Q25. Automated tests at the UI level for a web app adopt an asynchronous waiting mechanism that allows them to synchronize test steps with the app, so that they are executed correctly and at the right time, only when the app is ready and has processed the previous step: this is done when there are no timeouts or pending asynchronous requests. In this way, the tests automatically synchronize with the app’s web pages. The same initialization tasks to set test preconditions are implemented as test steps for all tests. Regarding the pre- processing (Setup) features defined at the test suite level, the TAS provides both a Suite Setup (which runs exactly once when the suite starts) and a Test Setup (which runs at the start of each test case in the suite).
Which of the following recommendations would you provide for improving the TAS (assuming it is possible to perform all of them)?

Q26. A TAS is used to run on a test environment a suite of automated regression tests, written at the UI level, on different releases of a web app: all executions complete successfully, always providing correct results (i.e., producing neither false positives nor false negatives). The tests, all independent of each other, consist of executable test scripts based on the flow model pattern which has been implemented in a three-layer TAF (test scripts, business logic, core libraries) by expanding the page object model via the facade pattern. Currently the suite takes too long to run, and the test scripts are considered too long in terms of LOC (Lines of Code).
Which of the following recommendations would you provide for improving the TAS (assuming it is possible to perform all of them)?

Q27. A new TAS allows the implementation of automated data-driven test scripts. All the tasks planned for the initial deployment of this TAS, aimed at installing and configuring the TAS components and provisioning the infrastructure, will be performed manually by a dedicated, specialized team. This TAS is expected to be deployed in the future in other similar environments. As a TAE, you see a risk that the correct and reproducible deployment of the TAS cannot be guaranteed. Which of the following options is BEST suited for mitigating this risk?

Q28. Which of the following practices can be used to specify the active (i.e., actually available) features for each release of the SUT and determine the corresponding automated tests that must be executed for a given release?

Q29. (Which of the following aspects of “design for testability” is MOST directly associated with the need to define precisely which interfaces are available in the SUT for test automation at different test levels?)

Q30. Consider choosing an approach for the automated implementation of manual regression test suites written at the UI level for some already developed web apps. The TAS is based on a programming language that allows the creation of test libraries and provides a capture/playback feature that allows recognition and interaction with all widgets in the web UIs being tested. The automated tests will be implemented by team members with strong programming skills. The chosen approach should aim to reduce both the effort required to maintain automated tests and the effort required to add new automated tests. Which of the following approaches would you choose?

Q31. (Which of the following answers describes the LEAST relevant concern in selecting suitable test automation tools for a test automation project?)

Q32. Which one of the following answers does NOT refer to an example of configuration item(s) that should be specified in development pipelines to identify a test environment (and its specific test data) associated with a web app under test on which to execute automated tests?

Q33. A SUT (SUT1) is a client-server system based on a thin client. The client is primarily a display and input interface, while the server provides almost all the resources and functionality of the system. Another SUT (SUT2) is a client-server system based on a fat client that relies little on the server and provides most of the resources and functionality of the system. A given TAS is used to implement automated tests on both SUT1 and SUT2. The main objective of the TAS is to cover as many system functionalities as possible through automated tests executed as fast as possible. Which of the following statements about the automation solution is BEST in this scenario?

Q34. A suite of automated test cases was run multiple times on the same release of the SUT in the same test environment. Consider analyzing a test histogram that shows the distribution of test results (pass, fail, etc.) for each test case across these runs. Which of the following potential issues is MOST likely to be identified as a result of such an analysis?

Q35. An automated test case that should always pass sometimes passes and sometimes fails intermittently (non- deterministic behavior) when executed in the same test environment, even if no code (i.e., SUT code or the test automation code) has been changed. Which of the following statements about the root cause of this non- deterministic behavior is TRUE?

Q36. You are evaluating the best approach to implement automated tests at the UI level for a web app. Specifically, your goal is to allow test analysts to write automated tests in tabular format, within files that encapsulate logical test steps related to how a user interacts with the web UI, along with the corresponding test data. These steps must be expressed using natural language words that represent the actions performed by the user on the web UI. These files will then be interpreted and executed by a test execution tool. Which of the following approaches to test automation is BEST suited to achieve your goal?

Q37. You are currently conducting a Proof of Concept (PoC) aimed at selecting a tool that will be used for the development of a TAS. This TAS will exclusively be used by one team within your organization to implement automated UI-level test scripts for two web apps. The two tools selected for the PoC use JavaScript
/TypeScript to implement the automated test scripts and offer capture and playback capabilities. Three test cases for each of the two web apps were selected to be automated during the PoC. The PoC will compare these two tools in terms of their effectiveness in recognizing and interacting with UI widgets exercised by the test cases, to quickly determine whether test automation is possible and which tool is better. Which of the following TAFs is BEST suited for conducting the PoC?